METAPHOR AS A WAY OF TERMS COINAGE IN MEDICINE

Анотація

The article is is focused on metaphorical terms of the medical sphere. The aim of the article is to research the existing theories on the cognitive theory of metaphor and metaphors as ways of term coinage. The following research methods are exploited: continuous sampling method, descriptive method, systematization and classification method, statistical method. The method of continuous sampling was used to identify English-language metaphorical terms from thematic dictionaries on medicine and general engineering. The method of systematization and classification was used to describe the morphological and lexical-semantic characteristics of metaphorical terms. The descriptive method was used to describe the metaphorical transfer of the meanings of common words into terms. The statistical method was used to calculate the terms of different categories and their ratios.The study was carried out in 2 stages. During the first stage, the metaphor as a way of term formation and the basic principle of the cognitive theory of the metaphor were studied. As a result, we found out that metaphorization is a productive way of term formation. According to the lexical-semantic classification terms are divided into anthropomorphisms (those that are related to humans) and non-anthropomorphisms (those that surround humans). During the second stage, 250 metaphorical terms of the medical sphere were analyzed and classified according to morphological and lexical-semantic approaches. Dictionaries of professional language medicine were the material of the research. According to lexico-semantic classification, the majority of the metaphorical terms belong to the class of non-anthropomorphisms. From the morphological point of view, the majority of the metaphorical terms are phrases. Most of them are created with the help of such models as N+N or Adj+N. On the other hand, metaphorical term can be divided into 2 models according to the nature of metaphorization. There are “metaphor+term” and “term+metaphor”. The majority of the analyzed metaphorical terms are created using the model “metaphor+term”.